shire, southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the Caboolture River. Originally a livestock station, its name was derived from cabul-tur, the Aboriginal word for the carpet snake. To relieve shortages brought about by the American Civil War in the 1860s, Caboolture became a cotton-farming centre. Today, citrus fruits and vegetables are grown, and dairy and stud beef cattle are raised. Timber is milled in the shire, which is on the main northern rail line and the highway to Brisbane (26 miles 【42 km】 south). Caboolture served during 1944–45 as the secret headquarters for the Allied High Command in the Pacific theatre of World War II. Pop. (2006) 132,473.