Roman comic poet who was ranked by the literary critic Volcatius Sedigitus at the head of all Roman writers of comedy.

Information is too meagre to justify any firm statement beyond saying that Caecilius was a writer of considerable moral power (a tribute paid by the poet Horace), that he admired and imitated the Greek playwright Menander, and that his work was less lively than that of his predecessor, Plautus, and less polished than that of his young contemporary Terence.

Little is known with certainty of his life, though many writers refer to him. Terence (Hecyra) tells of Caecilius's initial failure as a playwright and his subsequent success when his plays were produced by Terence's own producer, Lucius Ambivius Turpio. Of his comedies only 42 titles (most of them identical with titles of plays by Menander) and 280 lines or parts of lines have survived. Cicero could name Caecilius's Hymnis in a public speech without having to indicate the author's name, and perhaps this is some indication of the popularity that he enjoyed. Aulus Gellius (Attic Nights) quotes three passages of his Plocium (The Necklace) along with Menander's original Greek to show how freely Caecilius modified his Greek models.