fifth king (reigned 225–223 BC) of the Seleucid dynasty, elder son of Seleucus II Callinicus.

Seleucus took up the task of reconquering Pergamum in Asia Minor from a cousin, Attalus I. The first general whom he sent, Andromachus, was decisively defeated by Attalus and captured. Seleucus III then led an army across the Taurus himself. In Phrygia, however, he was assassinated. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Antiochus III the Great.