city, seat (1861) of Fremont county, south-central Colorado, U.S. It is located at the eastern end of the Royal Gorge of the Arkansas River between the Front Range and Wet Mountains, just north of a segment of San Isabel National Forest. The site (elevation 5,343 feet 【1,629 metres】), formerly a camping ground of the Ute Indians and frequented by other groups, was settled by gold seekers in 1859. In the late 1860s oil was discovered nearby, and Canon City (from Spanish cañon, “canyon”) developed as a supply point for the nearby mines and oil field. In 1868 Canon City vied with Denver to become the site of the Colorado capital; after narrowly losing that contest, Canon City was awarded the territorial prison, now the Colorado State Penitentiary, established there in 1871. After the arrival of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway (Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company) in 1874, the community became a shipping point for agricultural products, livestock, minerals, quarried marble, and (later) manufactured items (firebrick, concrete, hand tools, conveyors, and ore concentrates). Much of the modern city's economy revolves around correctional facilities, 10 of which are located nearby. Canon City is also a base for model rocket manufacturing.

Archaeological finds (including abundant fossils of prehistoric dinosaurs) were discovered at Oil Creek (northeast) in 1878; ancient remains are protected at the Garden Park Fossil Area. The poet Joaquin Miller (Miller, Joaquin) once served as judge, mayor, and minister in Canon City. The Royal Gorge, spanned by a suspension bridge 1,053 feet (321 metres) above the Arkansas River (the highest such bridge in the world), has an incline aerial tramway (built 1931); the 12-mile (19-km) Royal Gorge Railroad line runs through the canyon and is a popular tourist attraction. Buckskin Joe is a reconstructed mining town at the entrance to the gorge. Inc. 1872. Pop. (1990) 12,687; (2000) 15,431.