Israeli Zionist (Zionism) leader and politician who was prime minister of Israel from 1953 to 1955.

Born in Ukraine, Moshe in 1906 immigrated with his family to Palestine, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. Sharett studied law in Constantinople (later Istanbul) and during World War I was an interpreter in the Ottoman army. He later attended the London School of Economics (1922–24), during which time he became involved in the Zionist movement. After returning to Palestine, Sharett in 1933 became head of the political department of the Jewish Agency, an organization that encouraged Jews to settle in Israel. Sharett was arrested for his Zionist activities in 1946 and was imprisoned by the British for several months. In 1947 he successfully campaigned for the United Nations to adopt the Palestinian partition plan, and the following year, after Israel achieved statehood, he was made the country's first foreign minister. In 1953 Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion (Ben-Gurion, David) temporarily retired from office, and Sharett was named his successor. He continued the policy of rapid economic development and immigration, but his attempts to stabilize relations with the Arab world were often criticized. Some felt that he was too lenient in his response to border incursions and attacks on civilians. In 1955 Ben-Gurion returned as prime minister, but conflict between the two men led to Sharett's resignation as foreign minister. In 1960 Sharett became chairman of the World Zionist Organization.