American civil rights activist and minister. He began preaching at age four and became an ordained Pentecostal minister at age 10. In 1971 he founded a national youth organization that promoted social and economic justice for African Americans. He graduated from Tilden High School in Brooklyn in 1972 and briefly attended Brooklyn College. A colourful and popular figure in the African American community, he embarked upon controversial protests that gained wide coverage in the national media and sometimes precipitated confrontations with police. In 1991 Sharpton formed the National Action Network, a civil rights organization that promoted progressive policies, including affirmative action and reparations for African Americans for the enslavement of their ancestors. In the 1990s he entered the political arena, unsuccessfully seeking the Democratic Party nominations for mayor of New York City and for U.S. senator from New York state. In 2004 Sharpton campaigned unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. presidency.