possibly the most influential actor of 19th-century Russia, known for his sensitive and realistic acting.

Shchepkin was born a serf and began acting in amateur productions on the estate as a child. After attending public school he joined the Kursk theatre as an understudy in 1805, moving up, in 1808, to be a permanent member of the troupe, primarily in comedy roles. He soon discovered another actor using a new, more subtle acting style. This technique of realistic detail and understatement required years of study, training, and persistence before Shchepkin perfected it. By 1821 he was on the verge of stardom, but he was still a serf, and it took a concerted effort by his supporters to buy his freedom.

In 1823 he joined the Maly (Little) Theatre in Moscow, where he dominated actors and dramatists alike for the next 40 years. He was friendly with Alexandr Pushkin, Ivan Turgenev, and other writers (frequently commissioning plays to suit his new technique) and promoted a new generation of realistic actors, including Prov Sadovsky and Vladimir Davydov. Shchepkin's greatest acting successes were in Shakespearean roles and in such character parts as the mayor in Nikolay Gogol's The Inspector General.