county, eastern Maryland, U.S., lying between the Choptank River and Tuckahoe Creek to the west and Delaware to the east. In addition to the Choptank, it is drained by Marshyhope Creek. Caroline shares Tuckahoe State Park with neighbouring Queen Anne's county. The county was created in 1773 and named for Caroline Eden, a member of the Calvert family and wife of the last colonial governor of Maryland. Denton is the county seat.

The main economic activities are manufacturing and agriculture (soybeans, wheat, barley, and vegetables). Area 320 square miles (829 square km). Pop. (2000) 29,772; (2007 est.) 32,910.