Russian stage and motion-picture actor, particularly well known for his portrayals of the Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin.

Shchukin grew up in Kashira and studied at the technical institute in Moscow. After serving in the military in World War I, he went to work for the railroad in Kashira; but his real love was the theatre, and in 1920 he was admitted to Yevgeny Vakhtangov's dramatic group in Moscow. He played in comedy and tragedy in his nearly 20 years at the Vakhtangov Theatre, including the role of Tartaglia in Turandot (1922) and triumphs as Stepan in Nikolay Gogol's Zhenitba (“Marriage”), Polonius in Shakespeare's Hamlet, and Bulychov in Maksim Gorky's Yegor Bulychov and Others. His greatest role, however, was Lenin in Nikolay Pogodin's Chelovek s ruzyom (1937; “Man with a Gun”) and in two motion pictures, Lenin v Oktyabre (1937; “Lenin in October”) and Lenin v 1918 (1939; “Lenin in 1918”). He was named People's Artist of the U.S.S.R. in 1936.