the first anthology of Chinese (Chinese literature) poetry. It was compiled by the ancient sage Confucius (551–479 BC) and cited by him as a model of literary expression, for, despite its numerous themes, the subject matter was always “expressive of pleasure without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive” (Lunyu).

The book, one of the Five Classics (Wujing), contains 305 poems (and six poem titles) that are classified as popular songs, ballads (feng, “wind”), courtly songs (ya, “elegant”), or eulogies (song).

Four versions of the Shijing came into existence after the Qin dynasty ruler Shihuangdi ordered the famous burning of the books in 213 BC. The only surviving version contains introductory remarks by Mao Chang, a scholar who flourished in the 2nd century BC.