city, capital of Himachal Pradesh (Himāchal Pradesh) state, northwestern India. The city lies northeast of Chandigarh on a ridge of the Himalayan (Himalayas) foothills, at an elevation of about 7,100 feet (2,200 metres). Shimla was built by the British on land they retained after the Gurkha War of 1814–16 and was used for resting troops. It gained popularity as a summer resort because of its cool climate and scenic setting, and from 1865 to 1939 it served as India's summer capital. From 1947 to 1953 it was headquarters of Punjab state, until the new capital city of Chandigarh was completed. Besides its administrative function, the city is one of India's most popular hill resorts. It is a rail terminus and lies on a main road 175 miles (280 km) north of Delhi. Shimla is also an agricultural trade centre and has some industry, including light manufacturing, brewing, and hand-loom weaving. Several sanatoriums and colleges affiliated with Himachal Pradesh University are located there. Pop. (2001) 142,555.