city, central Portugal, near the border with Spain. The surrounding region was occupied by Roman legions and has many Roman ruins, but the city itself originated as an old frontier fortress and is partially enclosed by walls; it was officially founded in 1209 by the Knights Templar. The vestiges of their castle remain a landmark. The most striking feature of the city is the Palace Gardens (Episcopal Gardens), beside the former bishops' palace. Also noteworthy are the cathedral and the palace itself, which houses a museum. Castelo Branco, noted for its hand-embroidered linen bedspreads, is an important regional centre and has a flourishing local trade in cork, wine, olive oil, and cheese. Pop. (2001) 31,240.