Portuguese politician who served as the country's president (2006– ) and prime minister (1985–95). Cavaco Silva also served as finance minister (1980–81).

A member of the centre-right Social Democratic Party, Cavaco Silva rose to power after a 1985 election that featured an upstart political faction called the Democratic Renewal Party. Although no party achieved a majority in the election, the Social Democrats held the most seats, allowing Cavaco Silva to become prime minister. Once in office, he helped to strengthen the economy, despite having to contend with a parliament that was controlled by opposition parties. He was reelected in 1991 by a large margin but later saw his popularity plummet when Portugal's economy was affected by a European economic crisis and soaring unemployment rates.

After losing the 1995 presidential election to Socialist candidate Jorge Sampaio, Cavaco Silva retired from politics until 2005, when he made a second bid for the presidency. This time he was successful, and he was sworn in as president on March 9, 2006. After his election he remained an active member of the Club of Madrid, an international organization of former heads of state and government that promotes democracy throughout the world. Cavaco Silva's career represented a significant milestone for Portugal, which had not seen such political success and longevity since the restoration of democracy in 1976.