prominent figure of the early years of the Reformation in Germany.

A member of the Reichsritterschaft, or class of free imperial knights, Sickingen acquired considerable wealth and estates in the Rhineland as the result of campaigns against private individuals and against cities, including Worms (1513) and Metz (1518). In 1518 he led the army of the Swabian league against Ulrich I, duke of Württemberg. After the death of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I in 1519, Sickingen used his influence to support the election of Charles V as emperor.

Sickingen protected Martin Luther (Luther, Martin) and harboured many Humanists and Reformers in his castles, which were, in the words of Humanist Ulrich von Hutten, “a refuge for righteousness.” Sickingen placed himself at the head of the German knights when they rose in defense of their class interests in 1522, declaring war against his old enemy Richard of Greiffenklau, archbishop of Trier. He sadly underestimated the opposition. The city of Trier remained loyal to the archbishop, and princes such as the landgrave Philip of Hesse rallied to his support; Sickingen was repulsed, his support fell off, and he was declared an outlaw. He was forced on the defensive; his castles fell one by one; and finally he capitulated in his last stronghold at Landstuhl. He died the next day and was buried there. On the one hand a champion of the poorer classes, a Lutheran sympathizer, and genuine patriot, Sickingen was on the other hand an opportunist whose objective probably was high office.