词条 | cerium |
释义 | cerium chemical element ![]() Cerium and its compounds have a number of practical applications. The dioxide is employed in the optics industry for fine polishing of glass (replacing rouge); it is also used as an opacifier in porcelain coatings and as a decolorizer in glass manufacturing. Cerium nitrate has been used in the manufacture of incandescent-gas mantles; other salts are employed in the ceramic, photographic, and textile industries. The metal serves as an ingredient in the carbon-impregnated arc lamps that have been used for illumination in the motion-picture, television, and related industries. Together with the other rare-earth metals, cerium is a constituent of numerous ferrous and nonferrous alloys; a superior high-temperature alloy for jet engines contains about 3 percent cerium with magnesium. Misch metal (50 percent cerium) is used for cigarette-lighter flints, in tracer bullets, and in electron-tube manufacture as a getter, which removes traces of oxygen. Along with praseodymium and terbium, cerium is different from the other rare earths in that it forms compounds in which its oxidation state is +4; it is the only rare earth that exhibits a +4 oxidation state in solution. Salts of the Ce4+ ion (ceric salts), which are powerful but stable oxidizing agents, are used in analytical chemistry to determine oxidizable substances such as ferrous iron (iron in the +2 oxidation state). Most Ce4+ salts are orange to yellow in colour, as are solutions containing the Ce4+ ion. Cerium in its +3 oxidation state behaves as a typical rare earth; its compounds are usually white. atomic number 58 atomic weight 140.120 melting point 798° C boiling point 3,257° C specific gravity 6.771 (25° C) oxidation states +3, +4 electronic config. 【Xe】4f25d06s2 |
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