surgeon, a French Huguenot whose father, William, emigrated with his family to England in 1569. A celebrated accoucheur (“obstetrician”), he aided the wives of James I and Charles I in childbirth.

Chamberlen is credited with the invention (c. 1630) of the obstetrical forceps, designed to draw the infant through the mother's vagina more easily. It consisted of two metal blades placed firmly on either side of the child's head and locked into place at the crossing of the handles. He refused to describe the instrument publicly, intending to use it in securing financial success for himself and his descendants. Although highly favoured at the royal court, Peter fell into constant conflict with the College of Physicians, who accused him of malpractice.