American playwright, screenwriter, television writer, and librettist who was one of the most popular playwrights in the history of the American theatre.

Simon was raised in the Bronx and studied at New York University before working as a comedy writer for various television shows in the late 1940s and throughout the '50s. His autobiographical play Come Blow Your Horn became a smash success on Broadway and ran for two years after opening in 1961. The plays that followed proved extremely popular with audiences and usually had very long runs on Broadway. They include Barefoot in the Park (1963; film 1967), The Odd Couple (1965; film 1968), The Star-Spangled Girl (1966; film 1971), Plaza Suite (1968; film 1971), Last of the Red Hot Lovers (1969; film 1972), The Prisoner of Second Avenue (1971; film 1975), The Sunshine Boys (1972; film 1975), California Suite (1976; film 1978), Chapter Two (1977; film 1979), I Ought to Be in Pictures (1980; film 1982), and a trilogy of autobiographical plays consisting of Brighton Beach Memoirs (1983; film 1986), Biloxi Blues (1985; film 1988), and Broadway Bound (1986; television movie 1992). Subsequent plays include Rumors (1988), Lost in Yonkers (1991; film 1993), and The Dinner Party (2000). Simon wrote the screenplays for motion-picture adaptations of his plays as well as screenplays for a number of original motion pictures. He also wrote the books for musicals, including Little Me (1962), Sweet Charity (1966), Promises, Promises (1968), They're Playing Our Song (1979), and The Goodbye Girl (1993).

The everyday lives and domestic problems of ordinary middle-class people are the focus of Simon's plays, which examine his characters' marital and other dilemmas and, for comic effect, play up the incongruity of their situations. Simon wrote two volumes of memoirs, Rewrites (1996) and The Play Goes On (1999).