French Canadian novelist and literary critic, well known for promoting the autonomy of Quebec literature.

Charbonneau received a diploma in journalism from the University of Montreal in 1934. During his teens he had joined Jeune Canada (“Young Canada”), a Quebec nationalist organization, and by 1933–34, on its behalf, was broadcasting pleas for Quebec independence, the French language, and Roman Catholicism. In 1934, with friend Paul Beaulieu, he founded La Relève (later called La Nouvelle Relève, “The New Relief”), a nationalist review of art, literature, and philosophy (it ceased publication in 1948). In 1940 he and Claude Hurtubise established the publishing house Éditions de l'Arbre. Over the years, Charbonneau worked as a journalist for various French journals and newspapers as well as for Radio Canada, for which he also wrote plays.

Charbonneau wrote five novels, the most noted being his first, Ils posséderont la terre (1941; “They Shall Possess the Earth”), a psychological analysis of two friends, one working-class and one bourgeois, who become rivals in love. He also published a collection of poems, Petits Poèmes retrouvés (1945; “Little Recovered Poems”). A number of his critical essays and lectures were published posthumously as Romanciers canadiens (1972; “Canadian Novelists”).