Greek mercenary leader from Euboea who fought sometimes on the side of the Athenians, at other times on the side of their enemies. He served under the Athenian general Iphicrates at Amphipolis about 367 BC but later joined Cotys, king of Thrace, against Athens. Captured by the Athenians, Charidemus was taken into their service and received their citizenship, but in 362 he was discharged. After participating in a revolt of satraps in Persia, he again joined Cotys. On Cotys' murder he became guardian to the dead king's young son, Cersobleptes.

Charidemus was credited with restoring the strategic Thracian Chersonese (Chersonese, Thracian) (modern Gallipoli Peninsula) to Athens in 357—a deed for which he received a golden crown. In 348 he led some Athenian forces to Olynthus against Philip II of Macedonia. After crushing the rebellion of Thebes (335), Alexander the Great of Macedonia demanded the surrender of Charidemus, who escaped with banishment. He fled to Persia, where Darius III, it is said, executed him for criticizing preparations taken for the Battle of Issus.