Indian lawyer and statesman who had an extremely successful legal career, won high esteem in Indian nationalist circles, and was appointed to high office under the British government.

Sinha was educated at the Presidency College, Calcutta, and was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in London. He was the first Indian to be appointed advocate general of Bengal (1907) and the first to be appointed to the governor-general's Executive Council, in which he served as law member during 1909–10. He was knighted in 1914, presided over the Indian National Congress Party's session at Bombay in 1915, and subsequently served in the Imperial War Cabinet of Britain. In 1919 he joined the Lloyd George ministry as undersecretary for India, being raised to the peerage as Baron Sinha of Raipur, and steered through the House of Lords the Government of India Act (Government of India Acts) of 1919, based on the Montagu-Chelmsford proposals for the reform of the Indian constitution. In 1920 he was appointed governor of the province of Bihar and Orissa, becoming the first Indian to hold such office under the British. Ill health forced his resignation the following year. He was appointed a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1926.