North American Indian language, member of the Iroquoian family, spoken by the Cherokee people originally inhabiting Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Cherokee was one of the first American Indian languages to have a system of writing devised for it—a syllabary, so called because each of the graphic symbols represents a syllable.

Sequoyah, the half-Cherokee Indian who invented the Cherokee syllabary in 1821, began by trying to devise a logographic alphabet (one graphic symbol for one word). When this proved too complex, he borrowed letters of the Roman alphabet from English (he did not read English), modified some Roman letters, and made up others, then assigned these symbols arbitrarily to syllables of the Cherokee language (usually a consonant plus a vowel). He began with 200 symbols but reduced them to 86. This syllabary was taken by the Cherokees to Oklahoma when they migrated there in 1830 and was used in official documents and newspapers. Although its public use gradually declined over the next 100 years, it still appeared in private correspondence, renderings of the Bible, and descriptions of Indian medicine.