in Judaism, the three occasions on which male Israelites were required to go to Jerusalem to offer sacrifice at the Temple and bring offerings of the produce from their fields. In the synagogue liturgy, special Psalms (called collectively Hallel) are read and prayers are recited that vary with the nature of the festival. Thus, the Song of Solomon is read on Passover, the Book of Ruth on Shavuot, and Ecclesiastes on Sukkoth.