mountain system covering 40 square miles (104 square km) along the Rio Grande in southwestern Texas, U.S. The Chisos form the state's third highest mountain group, culminating at Emory Peak (7,825 feet 【2,385 metres】). The mountains are within Big Bend National Park. Their characteristic shapes were created by the erosion of sedimentary rocks that exposed the harder igneous intrusions beneath. Tourists are attracted by the mountains' hiking trails, unique geologic formations, and spectacular scenery. Chisos may be a Native American word meaning “ghost” or “spirit,” or it may derive from the Castilian hechizos (“enchantment”). The mountains were a favoured stronghold of Mescalero, Apache, and Comanche raiding parties. After these peoples were subdued, the area was used for cattle ranching until it was made part of the national park in 1944.