leader of the Republican Independents in France and premier from March to December 1952.

Pinay, the director of a tannery from 1919 to 1948, began his career in politics with election in 1929 as mayor of Saint-Chamond, a position he held until he retired in 1977. He was a politically moderate deputy from 1936 to 1938 and a senator from 1938 to 1940. Although he supported Marshal Philippe Pétain, he was not considered a collaborator, and after the war he was again elected to the National Assembly, where he served as leader of the Independents from 1956 to 1958. He also held posts in several cabinets—secretary of state for economic affairs (1948–49), minister of public works, transportation, and tourism (1950–52), and minister of foreign affairs (1955–56)—and served as premier in 1952. His anti-inflationary policies were instrumental in reviving the French postwar economy.

Pinay helped bring Charles de Gaulle back to power in 1958. In the new government, Pinay served as minister of finance (1958–59, 1960) with a policy of limiting inflation even if it meant curtailing industrial expansion. He was president of regional economic development for Rhône-Alpes from 1964 to 1973 and was then appointed first ombudsman of France (1973–74).