After his education at the University of Cambridge, Smart was elected a fellow of Pembroke Hall (1745), but at about the age of 27 he became a hack writer in London. He was three times confined for madness (a mild religious mania), but his strange yet engaging personality won him such friends as Samuel Johnson, actor-manager David Garrick, playwright Oliver Goldsmith, and both Dr. Charles Burney, the musicologist, and his daughter, Fanny, the novelist. Smart died in a debtor's prison.