The European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) is a popular, though not especially palatable, game fish found in Europe and Great Britain, primarily in rivers. A large-mouthed fish with large, black-edged scales, it attains a maximum length and weight of about 60 cm (2 feet) and 7–8 kg (15–18 pounds). It is voracious and preys on insects, plants, and other fish.

In North America the name chub is applied to many cyprinids, among them the abundant, widely distributed creek and hornyhead chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus and Nocomis, sometimes Hybopsis, biguttata). The creek chub is found in quiet streams in eastern and central North America. Bluish above and silvery below, with a dark spot at the base of the dorsal fin, it grows to about 30 cm (1 foot). It is also called the horned dace, for the hornlike projections that develop on the head of the male during the breeding season. The hornyhead chub is blue-backed with greenish sides and a light belly. It lives in clear streams and is about 15–24 cm (6–9 inches) long. Some chubs will take a fisherman's artificial fly. Other cyprinid chubs include the western North American fishes of the genera Gila (of which several species are endangered) and Siphateles and the more characteristically eastern species of the genus Hybopsis.

Many other unrelated fishes are also called chubs. Certain deepwater lake fishes of the genus Leucichthys, in the family Coregonidae, are called chub; these chubs are found in the Great Lakes region and are often smoked and sold for food. The rudderfish is also sometimes called a chub, as is Scomber japonicus, the chub mackerel found in both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.