Paraguayan politician and soldier who served as president of his country (1949–54).

Chávez, who received his law degree in 1905, was a longtime leader of the right-of-centre Colorado (National Republican) Party. When his party served in a coalition government in 1946, Chávez was appointed to the Supreme Court. He served as Paraguay's foreign minister (1947, 1949) and as ambassador to France and Spain. The Democratic wing of the Colorado Party secured his assumption of the presidency (Sept. 11, 1949) following a period of great political instability. He was officially elected on July 15, 1950, for a three-year term and was reelected in 1953.

During Chávez's tenure in office, he tried to build a managed economy by increasing nationalization of industry and placing controls on production, trade, prices, and wages. For this he faced growing opposition from the conservative wing of the Colorado Party, who denounced not only his economic policies but his close association with Argentina. In 1954, when Chávez tried to strengthen his regime by arming the national police, General Alfredo Stroessner, commander in chief of the armed forces, led the coup (May 5) that deposed Chávez. When Chávez died, he was buried with full state honours; Stroessner attended the services.