first motion-picture apparatus, used as both camera and projector. The invention of Louis and Auguste Lumière, manufacturers of photographic materials of Lyon, Fr., it was based in part on the Kinetoscope of Thomas A. Edison in the United States and in part on the Théâtre Optique of Émile Reynaud in Paris. From Edison's invention the Lumières took the idea of a sprocket-wound film and from Reynaud that of projecting the successive frames on a screen. The Cinématographe also functioned as a camera and could be used to make extra prints of the film. The Lumières slowed the rate of exposure in projection from the 46 frames a second used by Edison to 16 frames, a rate still used. The first public demonstration of the Cinématographe took place at the Grand Café, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris, on Dec. 28, 1895; within months the device was being used throughout Europe and North America.