Idiophones

Struck

against each other cymbals, castanets

with a beater triangle, glockenspiel, xylophone,

slit drums

Shaken rattle, jingles

Scraped scraper

Plucked Jew's harp, music box

Rubbed musical glasses

Membranophones

Struck side drum, bass drum, timpani

Rubbed friction drum

Blown mirliton (or kazoo)

Chordophones

Zithers

plucked harpsichord

struck hammered dulcimer, piano

Lutes

plucked lute, guitar

bowed violin, viola da gamba

Lyres

plucked Greek kithara, Ethiopian beganna

bowed Welsh crwth

Harp Celtic small harp, orchestral

chromatic harp

Aerophones

Free (air not confined)

without keyboard bull-roarer, harmonica

with keyboard harmonium, melodeon

Flutes (air blown recorder, flute

against an edge)

Reedpipes

single reed clarinet, saxophone

double reed shawm, crumhorn, oboe, bassoon,

sarrusophone

Lipped horn, cornet, trumpet, trombone, tuba,

serpent

Electrophones

Monophonic (producing theremin, trautonium, Ondes Martenot

a single line of melody)

Polyphonic (producing many synthesizers

harmony and simul-

taneous melodic lines)