Some properties of the transition elements

symbol atomic number atomic mass density (grams per cubic centimetre, 20°C) melting point (°C)¹ boiling point (°C)¹

1st main series

titanium Ti 22 47.90 4.507 1,668 3,260

vanadium V 23 50.94 6.11 1,890 3,000

chromium Cr 24 52.01 7.19 1,875 2,199

manganese Mn 25 54.938 7.44 1,244 (3) 2,097

iron Fe 26 55.847 7.873 1,536 (1) 3,000

cobalt Co 27 58.94 8.90 1,493 3,100

nickel Ni 28 58.71 8.908 1,453 2,730

copper Cu 29 63.54 8.94 1,083 2,582

2nd main series

zirconium Zr 40 91.22 6.506 1,850 4,377

niobium Nb 41 92.91 8.58 2,468 (10) 4,927

molybdenum Mo 42 95.94 10.22 2,610 5,560

technetium Tc 43 ² 11.49 2,170 5,030

ruthenium Ru 44 101.1 12.45 2,310 (20) 4,080 (100)

rhodium Rh 45 102.91 12.41 1,960 3,700

palladium Pd 46 106.4 12.02 1,552 2,020

silver Ag 47 107.870 10.5 960.8 2,210

3rd main series

hafnium Hf 72 178.50 13.29 2,230 5,200

tantalum Ta 73 180.95 16.65 2,996 5,427

tungsten W 74 183.85 19.3 3,410 5,930

rhenium Re 75 186.22 21.04 3,170 5,630

osmium Os 76 190.2 22.61 3,050 (30) 5,020 (100)

iridium Ir 77 192.2 22.65 2,443 4,500

platinum Pt 78 195.09 21.45 1,769.3 4,100

gold Au 79 196.967 19.32 1,063 2,808

type of crystal packing³ electrical resistivity (microhm-centimetres) heat of atomization, at 298°C, kilojoules per mole 1st ionization potential electron volts

1st main series

titanium hcp, bcc 42 (0°C) 473 6.82

vanadium bcc 24.8 (20°C) 515 6.74

chromium bcc, hcp 12.9 (20°C) 397 6.763

manganese complex 185 (20°C) 281 7.432

iron ccp, bcc 9.71 (20°C) 416 7.90

cobalt ccp, hcp 5.68 (0°C) 425 7.86

nickel ccp, hcp 6.84 (20°C) 430 7.633

copper ccp 1.68 (20°C) 339 7.724

2nd main series

zirconium bcc, hcp 40.0 (0°C) 611 6.984

niobium bcc 15.22 (0°C) 774 6.88

molybdenum bcc, hcp 7.2 (0°C) 659 7.10

technetium hcp 649 7.28

ruthenium hcp, ccp 6.71 (0°C) 669 7.364

rhodium ccp 4.33 (0°C) 577 7.46

palladium ccp 9.93 (0°C) 381 8.33

silver ccp 0.616 (0°C) 286 7.574

3rd main series

hafnium hcp, bcc 35.5 (20°C) 703 7.9⁴

tantalum bcc 13.6 (0°C) 781 7.88

tungsten bcc, complex 5.5 (20°C) 837 7.98

rhenium hcp 19.14 (0°C) 791 7.87

osmium hcp, ccp 8.12 (0°C) 728 8.7

iridium ccp 4.71 (0°C) 690 9

platinum ccp 9.85 (0°C) 566 9.0

gold ccp 2.06 (0°C) 368 9.22

¹Uncertainty given in parentheses.

²Does not occur in nature. The only isotope that has been obtained on a macroscopic scale has a mass number of 99.

³hcp—hexagonal close-packed; ccp—cubic close-packed; bcc—body-centred cubic.

⁴Estimated value; nearly all are estimated or extrapolated values.