French secretary of state under Louis XIV.

As the eldest son of the famous secretary of state of that name, Colbert was given the best possible tutors, who found him bright but lazy. In 1683 Colbert became head of the navy and performed brilliantly at the post. He showed an excellent knowledge of naval affairs and personally supervised innovations in armaments and military construction. He displayed great personal courage, taking part in several maritime battles, such as the bombardment of Algiers (1683), Genoa (1684)—where he personally led the flotilla—Tripoli (1685), and the victory at Sainte-Hélène (1690). For at least a few years, Colbert raised the French Navy to world supremacy. Louis XIV, granting him the right to succeed to his father's position, made him minister of state in 1689. Professionally, Colbert displayed spirit, courage, and intelligence, but in his private life he did not inherit his father's sense of economy. His lifestyle was opulent and characterized by an excessive devotion to pleasure.