American writer known for his satirical novels and screenplays.

Southern served in the U.S. Army during World War II and was educated at Southern Methodist University, the University of Chicago, Northwestern University (B.A., 1948), and the Sorbonne in Paris. His first novel, Flash and Filigree (1958), satirizes the institutions of medicine and law. Candy (1958), a parody of Voltaire's Candide, was written with Mason Hoffenberg under the pseudonym Maxwell Kenton and tells the tale of a libidinous young woman's picaresque (picaresque novel) sexual adventures. His other novels include The Magic Christian (1959), Blue Movie (1970), and Texas Summer (1991). His Red-Dirt Marijuana, and Other Tastes (1967) is a collection of short stories and essays.

Southern also collaborated on screenplays for several popular movies of the 1960s, including Dr. Strangelove (1964; Academy Award nominee for best screenplay), The Loved One (1965), The Cincinnati Kid (1966), Barbarella (1968), Easy Rider (1968; Academy Award nominee for best screenplay), and End of the Road (1969). The success of these films helped define the 1960s youth counterculture.