literature comprising courtesy books and similar pieces. Though it was essentially a book of etiquette, the typical courtesy book was in fact much more than a guide to manners. It concerned the establishment of a philosophy of life, a code of principles and ethical behaviour by which to live.

The earliest courtesy literature was written in Italian and German in the 13th century. By the end of the 17th century, much courtesy literature had begun to evolve into the literature of proper behaviour and was designed more to produce the veneer of civility than to educate the whole person.