town, Western Cape province, South Africa. It lies east of Cape Town, in the fertile Eerste River valley bordering mountains on the east. Founded in 1679 and named for Governor Simon van der Stel, it is South Africa's next oldest settlement after Cape Town. Stellenbosch is known for its restored Cape Dutch architecture dating from the 18th and 19th centuries and for its streets lined with majestic oaks. Its gardens and parks include the Braak, a square set aside in 1703 as a military parade ground. A centre of Afrikaans culture and learning, the town houses the University of Stellenbosch (incorporated 1918) and affiliated research institutes, libraries, and museums. It is a centre of the fertile vineyards and orchards of the western Cape, as well as of sawmilling. Pop. (2001) town, 80,160; mun., 117,707.