first Arab poet of note to break with the conventions established by the pre-Islamic poets of the desert and to adopt a simpler and freer language of the village.

Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah (“Father of Craziness”) came from a family of mawlās, poor non-Arabs who were clients of the ʿAnaza Arab tribe. The family's poverty prevented Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah from receiving a formal education, which may account for his subsequently original and untraditional poetic style. He began to write ghazals (lyrics) in his early years in Al-Kūfah; they later gained him notoriety as well as the favour of the ʿAbbāsid caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd. Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah's fame, however, rested on the ascetic poems of his later years, the Zuhdīyāt (Ger. trans. by O. Rescher, 1928), collected in 1071 by the Spanish scholar Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr. The Zuhdīyāt depicts the leveling of the rich and powerful by the horrors of death; these poems found an enthusiastic following among the masses, as well as being popular at court, and were frequently set to music.