American composer known for his innovative techniques in the use of vivid sonorities obtained from an enormous range of instrumental and vocal effects, such as hissing, whispering, tongue clicking, and shouting at specified points in the composition. Crumb received many awards and grants and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1968 for his orchestral Echoes of Time and the River.

Most of his vocal music consists of settings of poetry by Federico García Lorca (García Lorca, Federico), such as the song cycle Ancient Voices of Children (1970). His other works include Black Angels (1970), for electric string quartet; Star-Child (1977), a huge choral and orchestral composition that requires the use of four conductors; Celestial Mechanics, Makrokosmos IV (1978); and Apparition (1980). Crumb taught at the University of Colorado (1959–64) and, from 1965, at the University of Pennsylvania (from 1983, Annenberg professor).