town (township), Norfolk county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., 17 miles (27 km) south of Boston. It was settled about 1713 as part of Dorchester and was separately incorporated in 1726 and named for William Stoughton, first lieutenant governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Suffolk Resolves, which formed the basis for the Declaration of Independence, were initially drafted in Doty Tavern in old Stoughton prior to their discussion at nearby Dedham and adoption at Milton.

The town supplied cannon, cast by Paul Revere (Revere, Paul), and powder to colonial forces during the American Revolution. Shoes, rubber, textiles, and machine tools were later manufactured. The main sources of income are now trade and services associated with health care and shoe production; light manufacturing is also important. Area 16 square miles (41 square km). Pop. (1990) 26,777; (2000) 27,149.