leader of adventurers from the vicinity of Makasar, Celebes, who spearheaded the political penetration of the Malay Peninsula by the Buginese, a people who came from the southern Celebes seeking trade opportunities. The Buginese were skilled and astute fighting men and were soon drawn into Malay political struggles. Daing Parani helped one Raja Kechil win the throne of the kingdom of Johore (Johor) and then in 1722 shifted allegiance and aided Sulaiman, son of the deposed sultan, in winning back his father's throne. In return, the Buginese were put in control of a specially created office of under-king, a post that made them effective rulers of Johore. Daing Parani was killed while interfering in a dynastic conflict in the northern Malay state of Kedah, but his family and followers continued to expand their influence throughout the Malay Peninsula in the 18th century until only the Dutch at Malacca and the Minangkabau people in the area that became the state of Negri Sembilan remained free of Buginese control.