Russian general and minister of war who was largely responsible for Russia's premature and unprepared entry into World War I.

Sukhomlinov took part in the Russo-Turkish war as a cavalry commander (1877–78) and was head of the officers' cavalry school in St. Petersburg from 1886 to 1897, being promoted to general in 1898. He was Russian war minister from 1909 to 1915, and it was under him that the Russian orders for mobilization were given at the outbreak of World War I. At the time of Austria's ultimatum to Serbia, Sukhomlinov assured the government of the combat readiness of Russian troops. The partial mobilization soon revealed the demoralized and unequipped state of the nation's armed forces. As the war progressed, Russian combat operations were increasingly hampered by shortages of arms, ammunition, and other war matériel, but Sukhomlinov continued to insist that the army was adequately supplied. In June 1915 the thoroughly discredited Sukhomlinov was dismissed and replaced by the able General A.A. Polivanov. (Polivanov, Aleksey Andreyevich)

Despite Sukhomlinov's close ties with the tsar, public sentiment ran high and charges of malfeasance, corruption, and treason were brought against him by the Duma. He was arrested in April 1916, freed in October at the tsar's instigation, and rearrested after the Revolution by the provisional government. At his trial in the autumn of 1917, he was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labour. He was freed by an amnesty granted by the Bolsheviks and went to Finland and later to Germany, where he composed his memoirs, Erinnerungen, published in 1924.