town and port in Roebourne shire, northwestern Western Australia, on Nickol Bay (an inlet of the Indian Ocean). Beginning in 1965, it was built to handle iron ore mined at Mount Tom Price (182 miles 【293 km】 south) and Paraburdoo in the Hamersley Range. The port takes its name from the offshore archipelago, named after William Dampier (Dampier, William) (a British buccaneer who explored the north and west coasts of Australia in 1688 and 1699). A pelletizing plant treats the ores, which are bound principally for Japan and Europe. Dampier lies just west of Roebourne, an old pearling port (1866) that served the Pilbara goldfield from 1888 until 1912, when a rail line bypassed it in favour of Port Hedland farther east; the development of Dampier thus represents a revival of shipping in the Roebourne area. Just north of the North West Coastal Highway to Perth (1,018 miles 【1,638 km】 south), Dampier is supplied with fresh water from the nearby intermittent Maitland River and from a desalinization plant. Salt is a significant commercial product. Liquefied natural gas is piped ashore from rich oil and gas fields on the northwest continental shelf to nearby Burrup Peninsula's processing plant before being exported or pumped south to Perth. Pop. (2001) urban centre, 1,469.