town (“parish”), Teignbridge district, administrative and historic county of Devon, England, on the English Channel. It became fashionable in the 19th century and is featured in the novels of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen. Located back from the seacoast above high, deep-red cliffs, the town faces away from the sea but is connected to it by a pedestrian right of way and by a remarkable railway originally designed to demonstrate a system of propulsion by atmospheric pressure against a vacuum devised by Isambard Kingdom Brunel (Brunel, Isambard Kingdom). The design called for the train to operate by way of a pneumatic tube, vacuum ahead of it and atmospheric pressure behind it. Although a model for patent purposes did work, the full-size model (built 1844) did not. Converted to conventional propulsion, the railroad, part of a line connecting Exeter (to the north) and Newton Abbot (southwest), is among the most scenic in Britain, popping in and out of tunnels in the cliffs along the seacoast. Pop. (2001) 12,819.