city, in the highlands of eastern São Paulo estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It is located at 2,903 feet (885 metres) above sea level on Monjolinho Stream, a tributary of the Jacaré Guaçu River. Formerly known as São Carlos do Pinhal, the settlement was given town status in 1865 and was made the seat of a municipality in 1880. Agriculture, cattle raising, and industry contribute to the city's economy. Sugarcane, cereals, coffee, and tobacco are the principal local crops. The city has breweries, distilleries, and textile mills, as well as computer and ceramics factories. The Universidade Federal de São Carlos (1970) is located there. Neighbouring cities include Araraquara, Rio Claro, and Piracicaba. São Carlos is linked to São Paulo, the state capital, 166 miles (267 km) southeast, by rail, road, and air. Pop. (2005 est.) 204,100.