Belgian-born literary critic, one of the major proponents of the critical theory known as deconstruction.

After graduating from the University of Brussels in 1942, de Man worked as a writer and translator until 1947, when he immigrated to the United States. After obtaining his Ph.D. at Harvard University, he taught at Harvard, Cornell, and Johns Hopkins. In 1970 he joined the faculty at Yale University, where he remained until his death.

At Yale, de Man wrote his groundbreaking book Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism (1971), which argued that post-Kantian philosophy and literary criticism suffer from the tendency to confuse the structure of language with the principles that organize natural reality. With the publication of this work, Yale became the centre for deconstructive literary criticism in the United States. De Man's later works include Allegories of Reading: Figural Language in Rousseau, Nietzsche, Rilke, and Proust (1979), The Rhetoric of Romanticism (1984), and, on deconstruction, The Resistance to Theory (1986; written with Harold Bloom (Bloom, Harold), Jacques Derrida (Derrida, Jacques), Geoffrey Hartman (Hartman, Geoffrey H.), and J. Hillis Miller (Miller, J. Hillis)) and Aesthetic Ideology (1988).

De Man's involvement from 1940 to 1942 with Le Soir, a Belgian pro-Nazi newspaper, was revealed in the late 1980s. His writings for the newspaper, including one overtly anti-Semitic essay, were collected and published under the title Wartime Journalism, 1939–1943 (1988).