city, seat (1901) of Luna county, southwestern New Mexico, U.S., about 55 miles (89 km) west of Las Cruces. The city is located in the broad valley of the Mimbres River (there flowing underground) and is surrounded by mountains. Deming was founded in 1881 as a railroad service point at the junction of the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific railways. Originally called Mimbres Junction, it was renamed for Mary Ann Deming Crocker, wife of Charles Crocker, one of the principal builders of the Southern Pacific Railroad. It developed as the trade and shipping centre for an irrigated farm and ranch area producing cotton, livestock, feed grain, and fruit. Mining and smelting of copper, manganese, lead, fluorite, and silver also are important to the economy. Rockhound State Park, located 12 miles (19 km) southeast of the city, is a popular destination for mining and geology enthusiasts. The city has become a popular retirement community, and thousands of visitors come each August to participate in Deming's Great American Duck Race. Inc. 1902. Pop. (1990) 10,970; (2000) 14,116.