English soldier, Oliver Cromwell's brother-in-law, who played a prominent part in Commonwealth politics.

Desborough married Cromwell's sister Jane in June 1636. He was a member of Cromwell's cavalry regiment at the beginning of the Civil War and distinguished himself in succeeding campaigns. He fought at the Battle of Worcester (September 1651) as major general and almost captured Charles II near Salisbury.

During the Commonwealth, Desborough held many high offices and was a member of the Parliaments of 1653, 1654, and 1656. In 1655 he was the major general in charge of administering the six western counties of England. In spite of his near relationship to Cromwell, Desborough violently opposed the suggestion that Cromwell should assume the crown. After Cromwell's death he was, with Charles Fleetwood, the chief instigator and organizer of the hostility of the army toward Richard Cromwell's administration and forced Cromwell to dissolve his Parliament in April 1659.

After the Restoration Desborough escaped to the Netherlands, where he engaged in republican intrigues. He was ordered home in April 1666, on pain of incurring the charge of treason, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London from July 1666 to February 1667.