(December 1618), agreement suspending for 14 ¹/₂ years the hostilities between Poland and Russia that resulted from Polish intervention in Russia during the Time of Troubles (1606–13). In 1609, during the unstable reign (1606–10) of the Russian tsar Vasily Shuysky, the Polish king Sigismund III (Sigismund III Vasa) declared war on Muscovy. His army laid siege to Smolensk (September 1609), and Sigismund tried to place his son Władysław (Władysław IV Vasa) on the Muscovite throne.

In August 1610 the leading Muscovite boyars accepted Władysław and opened their city's gates to the Polish troops; but Sigismund, deciding that he wanted the Russian throne for himself, resumed the war against Muscovy. His troops burned much of Moscow and occupied Smolensk. Nevertheless, a Russian army captured Moscow, and a zemsky sobor (“assembly of the land”) named Michael Romanov the new tsar (1613). Władysław then launched a new campaign against Russia (1617–18). The Truce of Deulino, which concluded Władysław's campaign, placed Smolensk, as well as other conquered western Russian territories, in Poland's possession. In addition, Władysław refused to relinquish his claim to the Russian throne (although Sigismund had already done so).

When the truce expired (1632), hostilities were resumed. The Russians, however, failed to regain Smolensk and accepted the Treaty of Polanowo, or Polyanov (1634). The Russians had to pay 20,000 rubles to the Poles, but Władysław recognized Michael as the legitimate tsar of Russia.