Planetary data for Venus

mean distance from Sun 108,200,000 km (0.72 AU)

eccentricity of orbit 0.007

inclination of orbit to ecliptic 3.4°

Venusian year (sidereal period of revolution) 224.7 Earth days

maximum visual magnitude –4.6

mean synodic period* 584 Earth days

mean orbital velocity 35 km/s

radius (equatorial and polar) 6,051.8 km

surface area 4.6 × 10⁸ km²

mass 4.87 × 10²⁴ kg

mean density 5.25 g/cm³

mean surface gravity 860 cm/s²

escape velocity 10.4 km/s

rotation period (Venusian sidereal day) 243 Earth days (retrograde)

Venusian mean solar day 116.8 Earth days

inclination of equator to orbit 177°

atmospheric composition carbon dioxide, 96%; molecular nitrogen, 3.5%; water, 0.02%; trace quantities of carbon monoxide, molecular oxygen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and other gases

mean surface temperature 737 K (867 °F, 464 °C)

surface pressure at mean radius 95 bars

mean visible cloud temperature about 230 K (–46 °F, –43 °C)

number of known moons none

*Time required for the planet to return to the same position in the sky relative to the Sun as seen from Earth.