The Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), found from Kashmir to Sikkim, is reddish brown to dark brown. The male has a full mane covering the neck and forequarters, and an adult male can weigh up to 120–140 kg (260–310 pounds), while females weigh about 60 kg (130 pounds). The Nilgiri tahr, or Nilgiri ibex (H. hylocrius), of southern India is dark brown with a grizzled saddle-shaped patch on its back; its body size is comparable to that of the Himalayan species. The Arabian tahr (H. jayakari) is the smallest of the three species; an adult male weighs about 40 kg (90 pounds), while females are 17–20 kg (37–44 pounds). It is gray brown (females and subadult males) or blonde (fully adult males), with a brittle, relatively short coat. It is found in small, scattered populations throughout a 600-km (400-mile) crescent of northern Oman and a very small area of the United Arab Emirates. The rut is in autumn and early winter for all three species.

The Nilgiri and Arabian tahr are in danger of extinction because of overhunting and competition with livestock. In the early 20th century, Himalayan tahrs were introduced for hunting purposes to New Zealand, where their numbers have grown to tens of thousands and they have become pests to indigenous vegetation. They have also been introduced to Table Mountain (Mountain, Table) in South Africa and to Argentina.