city, Toyama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the lower reaches of the Shō River. The city was founded with the construction of Takaoka Castle in 1609. It became a trade centre, known for its manufacture of metalware. Based on the Comprehensive National Development Plan, the Toyama-Takaoka industrial city was created in 1969. Construction began on a large port for heavy industries. An aluminum refinery that was built in 1973 transformed the city into an important centre of the Japanese aluminum industry. Takaoka's other industrial products include copper, chemicals, and paper. Fushiki, on Toyama Bay of the Sea of Japan, serves as the city's outport. Takaoka is also a railway hub.