ballerina, dance teacher, and the first American ever to become the première danseuse étoile at the Paris Opéra Ballet.

Born in a town on an Osage Indian reservation in Oklahoma, Marjorie and her sister Maria (Tallchief, Maria) were of Osage and Scotch-Irish descent. Both sisters began dancing as children and later studied with Bronislava Nijinska and David Lichine, among others.

Tallchief began her professional career in 1944 with the American Ballet Theatre. She left in 1946 to join the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and reunite with her sister Maria. Both sisters left the company the following year. Between 1947 and 1957 Marjorie Tallchief danced with the Ballet de Marquis de Cuevas. She joined the Paris Opéra Ballet in 1957, with whom she was associated, most notably the company's première danseuse étoile, until 1962. In 1964–66 she danced with the Harkness Ballet.

Tallchief's most famous roles included those in Annabel Lee (1951), Romeo and Juliet (1955), Camille (1958), Pastorale (1961), and Ariadne (1965). She taught at the Dallas Civic Ballet Academy and helped her sister Maria to found the Chicago City Ballet (1980).